AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Finally, in a recent meta-analysis of 16 observational studies, each 1-unit increase in the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio was found to be associated with a 22% higher risk of stroke (12). 6. Potassium is an essential dietary mineral and electrolyte. DElia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Hyperkalemia may also result from a shift of intracellular potassium into the circulation, which may occur with the rupture of red blood cells (hemolysis) or tissue damage (e.g., trauma or severe burns). Connie Weaver, Ph.D. Weaver CM. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. Potassium citrate is an alkalizing agent. Alternatively, potassium bicarbonate supplementation might decrease urinary acid and calcium excretion and influence bone turnovera small trial in postmenopausal women found that potassium bicarbonate supplementation increases biomarkers of bone formation and a decreased biomarkers of bone resorption (27). In the absence of treatment, hypokalemia can have serious complications and even be fatal (see Deficiency). If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. Potassium Intake of the US Population: What We Eat In America, NHANES 2009-2010. Potassium salt can be bought from a number of retailers including Amazon, Walmart, and Instacart. Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart. Bailey JL, Sands JM, Franch HA. 2008;88(4):1159-1166. Potassium is LIKELY SAFE for most people when given intravenously (by IV) and appropriately or when taken by mouth in amounts of up to 90 mEq of total potassium from the diet and supplements combined. The information on dietary factors and supplements, food, and beverages contained on this website does not cover all possible uses, actions, precautions, side effects, and interactions. 1985 Sep;79(3):284-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90305-5. In addition to the potassium loss created by these medications, chloride is often also lost from the body in significant amounts. BMJ 2013;346:f1378. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial provided evidence of the blood pressure-lowering effect of a diet higher in potassium and calcium, modestly higher in protein, and lower in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages compared to the typical US diet (38). The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Its, glycinate is glycine, monopotassium salt and its formula is c2h4kno2. Rashes may occasionally occur. 2018;137(3):237-246. J Ren Nutr. 2008;88(2):465-474. In conclusion, potassium citrate supplementation may be superior to potassium chloride supplementation in patients receiving thiazide in whom stones form. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice. What is the more preferable pill for hypokalemic periodic paralysis? The bottom line There are a variety of potassium supplements available to prevent and Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Potassium chloride, as a prescription, is measured in mEq ormilliequivalents. It is used to treat a kidney stone Are potassium chloride and potassium citrate interchangeable? The best electrolyte products use potassium chloride. Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. 2008;124(3):e42-44. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2015;2(1). Gennari FJ. Hayhoe RP, Lentjes MA, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Welch AA. Sanghavi S, Vassalotti JA. WebThe effectiveness of potassium citrate as a potassium supplement was compared to that of potassium chloride in 13 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis treated with thiazide. 2017;12(4):e0174967. 2015;26(4):1311-1318. Injectable potassium is administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor. Accessed 11/19/18. Content on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Potassium gluconate may be used to regulate the acidity or add potassium to a food product. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Forty-five percent of US adults have hypertension (blood pressure levels 130/80 mm Hg) (33). This content does not have an Arabic version. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required manufacturers to display potassium content of foods on the Nutrition Facts food label (48). Fruit and vegetables are among the richest sources of dietary potassium, and a large body of evidence supports the association of increased fruit and vegetable intakes with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Available at: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Potassium is available in different supplemental forms, including potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium aspartate, and potassium orotate (50). Potassium gluconate is a slightly more complex molecule than potassium chloride: It's a loosely bound salt of potassium and gluconic acid, per the NCBI. Newberry SJ, Chung M, Anderson CAM, et al. Symptoms of hyperkalemia may include tingling of the hands and feet, muscular weakness, and temporary paralysis. Ice cream lab. Accessibility A low potassium intake may be one factor which leads to the Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris RC, Jr. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies showed that heart rate in healthy adults was unlikely to be affected by the chronic use of supplemental potassium doses of 2 to 3 g/day (52). Potassium citrate forms white or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate forms yellowish white granules. So, they have a round 10 MEQ yellow coated ER tablet. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2015 Jul 7;87(2):105-20. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105. Accessed 12/12/18. Potassium is also a crucial nutrient used to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance in the human body. Please considermaking a giftto the Micronutrient Information Center today. Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;28(5):1577-1585. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2019:121-154. Taking too much potassium can cause serious side effects like heart arrhythmias. Medical Content Reviewed By HelloPharmacist information submitted for this request. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Potassium chloride is also better absorbed and is generally the potassium of choice to replace a potassium deficiency. A cell's membrane potential is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane, especially the Na+/K+-ATPase pumps. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Thiazide treatment alone reduced serum potassium, urinary calcium and citrate without affecting urinary pH. Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who have low levels of potassium, also known as hypokalemia. You may not copy, modify, distribute, display, transmit, perform, publish or sell any of the copyrightable material on this website. First and foremost, as we mentioned above, medication therapy is one of the most common causes of low potassium. Potassium chloride or potassium citrate? The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq per kg (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Medicine. (PubMed), 16. Gitelmans (GS) and Bartters (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. Viera AJ. It is used when your urine is too acidic. The Linus Pauling Institute recommends the consumption of a diet high in potassium-rich foods (see Sources), especially fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products to ensure adequate potassium intakes. As medications, potassium citrate and potassium chloride treat different conditions. If you have trouble swallowing tablets or if they seem to stick in your throat, check with your doctor. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. Yet, although reducing sodium consumption while increasing potassium intake helps with lowering blood pressure (45), current evidence suggests that dietary advice and support interventions may not be sufficient to deliver long-term cardiovascular benefits in individuals with hypertension (46). A two-year randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 201 older adults without osteoporosis (mean age, 69 years) found evidence of increased lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and total-body BMD, as well as trabecular BMD of the radius and tibia, with supplemental potassium citrate (2,340 mg/day) compared to placebo (28). Higher doses of supplemental potassium are generally prescribed to prevent and treat potassium depletion and hypokalemia. ChildrenDose is base on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The pharmacist compares dosing for potassium gluconate and potassium chloride as well as other differences between the two potassium salt forms. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that consuming two times more potassium than sodium in the regular diet lowers the risk of dying from heart disease considerably. Dion M, Ankawi G, Chew B, Paterson R, Sultan N, Hoddinott P, Razvi H. Can Urol Assoc J. You can also connect with Dr. Brian Staiger on LinkedIn. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. 2015;33(8):1509-1520. Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: medical management of nephrolithiasis--a new, simplified approach for general practice. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. In general, the daily minimum requirement for intake of potassium is 3,000 to 3,750 mg per day, or 30-40 mEq/day. We found that KCl supplementation for 4 weeks induced a significant reduction in nighttime SBP compared with placebo (116 12 vs 121 15 mm Hg, respectively, p <0.01 vs placebo), whereas KMgCit and KCit had no significant effect in the same subjects (118 11 and 119 13 mm Hg, respectively, p >0.1 vs placebo). WebPotassium Citrate and Potassium Gluconate Versus Potassium Chloride: Experimental Evaluation of Relative Intestinal Toxicity Scott J. Boley, MD ; Leon Schultz, MD ; Solomon US Food and Drug Administration. Potassium gluconate is alkaline (compared to potassium chloride, which is acidic). Been taking potassium chloride for 4 yrs. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. Food and Drug Administration. WebPotassium citrate is an alkalizing agent. Because of the potential for serious side effects, one should seek medical advice before deciding to use a potassium supplement (see Safety ). Potassium citrate is a chemical combination of potassium and citric acid and is one of the most absorbable forms of the mineral 3. Both may be used to supplement potassium in a person's diet. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Meta-analysis of the quantity of calcium excretion associated with the net acid excretion of the modern diet under the acid-ash diet hypothesis. The effect of supplementation with alkaline potassium salts on bone metabolism: a meta-analysis. However, check with your doctor or pharmacist first, since this should not be done for most capsules. Potassium citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects other than an increase in urine. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. Adults and teenagers5 to 10 mEq taken two to four times a day. Answered by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD Corticoids cause sodium retention that leads to a compensatory increase in urinary potassium excretion. In all three cohorts, dietary potassium intake was derived almost entirely from potassium-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetables. The key difference between potassium chloride and potassium phosphate is that potassium chloride has a chloride anion bound to potassium cation, whereas potassium phosphate has one, two, or three phosphate anions bound to potassium cation. The presence of potassium is also required for the activity of pyruvate kinase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism (5). 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