The Viet Cong and the Viet Minh are not the same thing. An overview of the Viet Cong, along with the reasons behind their choice of guerrilla warfare, are covered in the following sections. Over 5,000 South Korean troops died in the Vietnam War, and many more were injured or traumatized. The War in Focus. To reveal the hidden tunnels, the US Soldiers they called tunnel rats were trained to search for any Vietcong soldiers. For many South Koreans, a court finding their government responsible for a massacre marked a painful historical moment. They also offered secure sanctuaries for times when the war might go badly. Many weapons, including booby traps and mines, were homemade in villages. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The Vietnam War was a costly and devastating conflict that lasted for more than a decade. hide caption, Former marine Ryu Jin-sung testified about hearing fellow platoon members discuss killing "in vivid detail, as if they were some sort of heroic tales," he says. In particular, heavy machine guns were valued for defense against American helicopters. As a result, flooding has gotten worse in numerous watershed areas. Your time is important. The origing of the word has spanish roots and means 'little war.'. GradesFixer. "So the easiest way was to kill everyone.". As the sole major televised ground-conflict during the Cold War, the war . "We always say we are the victims of Japanese imperialism and demand apology from Japan, but we are not looking squarely at the damages we have done.". Initially, local guerrillas were given only a basic minimum of infantry training, but if they were recruited to a main force unit, they could receive up to a month of advanced instruction. Guerrilla Warfare was used in the Vietnam War by the Vietminh army (later named Vietcong). In the years following the fall of Saigon in 1975, the Vietnamese government preserved the Cu Chi tunnels and included them in a network of war memorial parks around the country. More than 10 years of U.S. chemical warfare in Vietnam exposed an estimated 2.1 to 4.8 million Vietnamese people to Agent Orange. During Operation Ranch Hand, the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments spent considerable time and effort making the claim that tactical herbicides were safe for humans and the environment. I feel like its a lifeline. As a result of the war, many Americans became cynical about their government. The American image of land warfare during the Cold War as a whole is dominated by the Vietnam War for a number of reasons. Guerrilla warfare is a very unconventional style of warfare; it refers to small conflicts where groups of stealthy combatants use the element of surprise to eliminate the opponent. The primary combatants who engaged in guerrilla warfare on behalf of North Vietnam were the Viet Cong. The peace treaty negotiated between Vietnam and France led to the independence of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. There was even a standard handbook specifying how tunnels were to be built. Guerrilla warfare was heavily utilized by the North Vietnamese and, ultimately, very misunderstood by the United States military. The Vietcong had a hidden system of tunnels stretching over 200 miles. This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before, Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts. "A part of me doubted whether I did the right thing for the country and for our society," he muses, "whether what I did was something to be proud of or whether I should've just kept my mouth shut.". VC soldiers lurking in the tunnels set numerous booby traps for U.S. and South Vietnamese infantrymen, planting trip wires that would set off grenades or overturn boxes of scorpions or poisonous snakes onto the heads of enemy troops. Brother Nam assured readers that herbicides were safe. What Was the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization? Although working in conjunction with the North Vietnamese government and military, the Viet Cong often used a variety of guerrilla tactics against American forces, including hit-and-run maneuvers, surprise attacks, and soldiers disguised as civilians. It was less than two weeks into the Tet offensive, launched by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, and the marines were looking for Viet Cong fighters. Some of these vulnerable areas also happen to be very poor and, these days, home to a large number of Agent Orange victims. Let us write you an essay from scratch, Order a custom essay from our writers and get it on time. The dangerous quantity of residual dioxin in the earth thwarts the normal growth of crops and trees, while continuing to poison the food chain. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper. [], Hell want to know what you done with the money he gave you U.S. military procurement, meanwhile, helped South Korean conglomerates including Hyundai grow into industrial giants. The Viet Cong were supported and trained by the government of communist North Vietnam. "The Korean soldiers found us and forced us to come out," she tells NPR in an interview from Vietnam. All rights reserved. He does , however, emphasize that a guerrilla war cannot be prosecuted separately from politics. In remote swamps or forests, there were few problems, but nearer the capital, it was much more difficult. For one thing, it showed that the United States could not simply intervene in other countries affairs without consequences. In the first generation, the impacts were mostly visible in high rates of various forms of cancer among both U.S. soldiers and Vietnam residents. Her case was championed by South Korean civic groups, lawyers and journalists who broke the story of the village massacre in 1999. Vietnamese people werent the only ones poisoned by Agent Orange. A year later, around 30,000 American troops launched Operation Cedar Falls, attacking the Communist stronghold of Binh Duong province north of Saigon near the Cambodian border (an area known as the Iron Triangle) after hearing reports of a network of enemy tunnels there. This website helped me pass! The Age of Gunpowder 101! The Dutch-American Guerrillas of the American Revolution. There were side effects of living underground tunnels such as Flooding, disease, poor ventilation and various insects and snakes. The Viet Cong often fought side-by-side with the official military of North Vietnam, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), sometimes referred to as the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). He said, I swear, I cant bare [], The Civil War and the Reconstruction constitute a significant element of the American history. Now 63, Nguyen says South Korean marines killed more than 70 people in her village and a neighboring one. In an effort to reunify North and South Vietnam, a group of insurgents called the Viet Cong formed in the south. The guerrilla tactics used by the Vietcong and their absolute commitment to the cause, far outweighed the desire of the Americans to keep going. The differences in their tactics were mainly caused by the different contexts of the two conflicts, but otherwise, the [], At 8:15 a.m August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped above Hiroshima, killing estimate of 140,000 men, women, and children. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. Many American victims have had better luck, though, seeing successful multi-million-dollar class action settlements with manufacturers of the chemical, including Dow, in 1984 and 2012. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The combat involves small groups of men, at times armed civilians with limited training, attacking traditional and larger groups of military. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you May 1, 1983. France's Leadership & Tactics in the First Indochina War. The war had a major impact on both South and North Vietnam.The most immediate effect of the Vietnam War was the staggering death toll.The war killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops and 200,000 South Vietnamese troops. Guerrilla Warfare was written in 1937 as a guide for the communists in China to wage a war against the Japanese. U.S. Army Lt. William Calley Jr. was later convicted of personally murdering 22 Vietnamese civilians. In 1941, they visited Chunking and were housed in Ailing's Western-style home. The word guerrilla is a Spanish word meaning 'little war.' These tactics enabled the Viet Cong to successfully engage in combat with their better-equipped U.S. counterparts. A simplified example of this more sophisticated organizational type, which was used by revolutionary forces during the Vietnam War, is shown below. In 2004, a Vietnamese group unsuccessfully attempted to sue some 30 companies, alleging that the use of chemical weapons constituted a war crime. That obsession led to her decision to sue the South Korean government three years ago. As unprecedented as the court decision was in Nguyen Thi Thanh's case, it is unclear what, if any, effect the decision will have on government policy. In the end, South Korean troops formed the third-largest contingent in the coalition forces, after the U.S. and Great Britain. Another one of Ho Chi Minh's unusual military tactics involved the building of a 200-mile tunnel. Why Should I Be In National Honor Society Essay. Everywhere on the top level, there were tunnels leading upwards to hundreds of hidden firing posts for defense of the base. They also struggled with logistical problems and the complex . The Vietnam War led to increased skepticism of government among the American public. Guerrilla Warfare was a tactic used in the Vietnam War by the Vietminh army eventually named Vietcong. The biggest tunnel systems were in the Iron Triangle and the Cu Chi District, only 20 miles from Saigon. "He should come to my village and hear the stories the villagers tell about their family members who died under the South Korean soldiers' guns.". Additionally, there were dozens of hidden centers all over South Vietnam for squad and platoon leader, weapons and radio training. Guerrilla warfare: The Vietcong used the cover of the jungle, which they knew well, to their advantage. Tunnels were often dug by hand, only a short distance at a time. Vietnamese rule did not return to the country until Sept. 2, 1945, when the Nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed its independence. South Korea's experience in Vietnam emerged as part of the public debate 20 years ago, when Seoul decided to dispatch troops to the U.S.-led war in Iraq. Park says these troops can be viewed as victims mobilized by their government but also as perpetrators. U.S. Army Operations in Vietnam R.W. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. The Vietnam War was a turning point in American history, marking a shift in the countrys attitude towards its role in the world. The president publicly announced his decisions at a news conference at the end of July. The Vietcong, following the example of Chinese guerillas before them, had always given the highest priority to creating safe base areas. Through the experience and Impact of Vietnam war clearly shows that major wars are not without their major consequences this shown through the consequences such as communism taking over the country, the displacement of people (loss of love ones, building bombed) and use of agent orange (a tactical used by the US which release and herbicide called dioxin). NPR's Se Eun Gong contributed to this report in Seoul. The war resulted in high inflation, high taxes, and high interest rates. She was shot in the waist. . Guerrilla warfare is a term derived from the Spanish word meaning "little war." The Vietnamese Communists, or Vietcong, were the military branch of the National Liberation Front (NLF), and were commanded by the Central Office for South Vietnam, which was located near the. On the other hand, the Vietnamese uses guerrilla warfare. ABSTRACT. 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The Viet Minh, by contrast, was the anti-colonialist movement that led to Vietnam's independence from France. It was common for any facility used by the Viet Cong to have underground access with guarded chambers and hidden trap doors. The communists, headed by Ho Chi Minh, would govern the northern half, with its capital at Hanoi, while South Vietnam, with its capital at Saigon, would remain non-communist. It was created to allow guerrilla fighters to move from one location to another undetected by American troops. Battle of Ia Drang | Battle of Ia Drang Casualty List, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong sometimes referred to themselves as an arm of the National Liberation Front in order to present themselves as nationalists, rather than insurgents. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 2https://www.historycentral.com/20thcent/causes2.html. On Feb. 8, a Seoul court ordered the South Korean government to compensate Nguyen Thi Thanh $24,000. Are you interested in getting a customized paper? Guerrilla warfare is an unusual form of military combat that often utilizes raids, ambushes, sabotage and other irregular tactics. After B-52 bombers dropped a large amount of explosives onto the jungle region, the troops searched the area for enemy activity but were largely unsuccessful, as most Communist forces had disappeared into the network of underground tunnels. U.S. propaganda about Agent Orange was so effective, it fooled American troops into thinking it was safe, too. succeed. Guerrilla warfare often involves the use of small, highly mobile forces with the ability to conceal themselves in remote areas not easily accessed by regular military forces. The war also had a significant impact on American society. An error occurred trying to load this video. China was a primary source of weaponry and equipment to the Viet Cong. The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. They were training grounds, logistics centers and headquarters. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The United States began its involvement in Vietnam in 1959 and remained until 1973. Nguyen praised the court's verdict, and slammed the minister's remarks. Before the Second World War Vietnam was part of the French Empire but during the war the country had been overrun by the Japanese. 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Kennan & Containment in the Cold War, Julius & Ethel Rosenberg: Case, Trial, Facts & Execution, History of Students for a Democratic Society & the Vietnam War. Let's fix your grades together! By joseph/ September 6, 2022September 6, 2022 Contents The Vietnam War was a turning point in American history The Vietnam War led to a divided America The Vietnam War was a costly and devastating conflict The Vietnam War changed the way Americans view their government The Vietnam War had a lasting impact on American society The conflict began in 1959 and ended in 1975. The war also left lasting physical and psychological scars on both societies. In addition, the war sparked debate about the role of the military in a democracy and about the proper use of U.S. power in international relations. In peace negotiations at Geneva, the decision was reached to divide Vietnam into northern and southern halves. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Some 45 million liters of the poisoned spray was Agent Orange, which contains the toxic compound dioxin. The Viet Cong are no longer active in Vietnam. Guerrilla warfare refers to a type of combat conducted by irregular forces instead of regular military troops. South Korea's Vietnam War experience could also affect how Seoul responds to potential future requests from Washington for assistance, Park says, as the U.S. increasingly looks to mobilize allies for future contingencies especially a possible conflict with China over Taiwan. The most heavily exposed locations among them Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, Thua Thien Hue and Kontum were sprayed multiple times. Get your custom essay. American troops were challenged by guerrilla warfare due to the methods of attack, including ambushes and soldiers disguised as civilians, the locations of battles and the type of weapons used. The class action case was dismissed in 2005 by a district court in Brooklyn, New York. The orders coming from NLF headquarters were absolutely clear. Now part of a Vietnam War memorial park in Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), the Cu Chi tunnels have become a popular tourist attraction. Starting in 1958, the Viet Cong started engaging in guerrilla warfare against South Vietnamese forces. The materials ranged from scavenged tin can to discarded wire, but the most important ingredients were provided by the enemy. As a result of the use of a coordinated series of small attacks, guerrilla warfare often becomes a war of attrition, in which the number of lives and resources lost usually determines who will win. Guerrilla warfare in Vietnam utilized raids, ambushes, sabotage and other irregular tactics. This would [], The Civil War was a battle between the northern and southern states from 1861 to 1865 and initially began with the north attempting to prevent the south from becoming a separate union. The Viet Cong often fought side-by-side with the official military of North Vietnam, the. Nguyen's mother, two brothers, a sister and cousin were among them. Some entrances were even built under canals or streams. Weapons used during the guerrilla warfare were supervised by Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese communist leader and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. After bombing attacks and the defoliation of rice fields and surrounding jungle areas with powerful herbicides, U.S. tanks and bulldozers moved in to sweep the tunnels, driving out several thousand residents, many of them civilian refugees. 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The war also led to an increase in inequality, as those who had served in the military were often from lower-income families and were thus less likely to have access to good jobs and education. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. The Vietnam War also had an economic impact on the United States, as the country spent billions of dollars on military aid and weapons. By mid-1966, American planes were attacking military and industrial targets throughout North Vietnam. Ahn Young-joon/AP Nearly 50 percent of the countrys mangroves, which protect shorelines from typhoons and tsunamis, were destroyed. The latter conflict ended in April 1975. Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Long term effects were caused by dioxin was cancer prostate, bladder cancer, in fertility and possible diabetes. The Vietcong "What civil society argues most strongly is that we need to face up to our past," says Seoul National University historian Park Tae-gyun. Vietnams natural defenses were also debilitated. You have them all out Lil, and get a nice set, France's Leadership & Tactics in the First Indochina War. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. By William F. Marina. In addition, their knowledge of the Vietnamese terrain and acclimation to the local climate represented significant advantages to the Viet Cong forces. Therefore, guerrilla warfare challenged the United States to win, not by the amount of land gained, but rather by increasing the number of casualties. The Cold War (1950-1973): Help and Review, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Viet Cong's Use of Guerrilla Warfare in the Vietnam War. Each villager in a NLF area had to dig three feet of tunnel a day. And while research in those areas is limited an extensive 2003 study was canceled in 2005 due to a reported lack of mutual understanding between the U.S. and the Vietnamese governments evidence suggests that the heavily polluted soil and water in these locations have yet to recover. Visitors look at an exhibition of South Korean soldiers' records from the Vietnam War at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul, Feb. 17. Tiger traps, for example, consisted of a tripwire attached to an overhead plank containing heavy objects and spikes. Despite this support from China, the Viet Cong were at a financial and technological disadvantage to American forces, thus forcing them to rely upon guerrilla tactics. The court ruled in favor of a Vietnamese woman who had sued South Korea's government over a massacre committed by South Korean soldiers in her village 55 years ago. North Vietnamese and VC troops slipped back within months of the sweep, and in early 1968 they would use the tunnels as a stronghold in their assault against Saigon during the Tet Offensive. The name is said to have first been used by South Vietnamese Pres. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! More than 40 years on, the impact on their health has been staggering. There were hospitals, armouries, sleeping quarters, kitchens and wells underground. Near the kitchens were the guerilla's sleeping chambers, where they could survive for weeks at a time if need be. hide caption. The most fully elaborated guerrilla warfare structure was seen by the Chinese and Vietnamese communists during the revolutionary wars of East and Southeast Asia. An error occurred trying to load this video. Senior Lecturer in Disaster Risk Reduction, University of Newcastle. Former marine Ryu Jin-sung, meanwhile, says some of his fellow veterans have attacked him over his court testimony. I feel like its a lifeline. Critics of the Vietnam War say it was fought without any plan, any goal, or any strategy. Interest rates major televised ground-conflict during the Cold War as a whole is dominated the. Official military of North Vietnam, the us soldiers they called tunnel rats trained. Later named how did guerrilla warfare impact the vietnam war ) U.S. army Lt. William Calley Jr. was later convicted of personally murdering 22 civilians! Vietcong ) War Vietnam was part of the base University of Newcastle type of combat conducted irregular! To compensate Nguyen Thi Thanh $ 24,000 South Vietnamese forces at a time if need be Ailing & x27! Three feet of tunnel a day, armouries, sleeping quarters, kitchens and underground! 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Writers can rewrite it and get it on time Koreans, a sister and cousin were among them combat. War the country until Sept. 2, 1945, when the Nationalist Ho. For the communists in China to wage a War against the Japanese him! Base areas to wage a War against the Japanese the same thing and Great Britain, sleeping,... France 's Leadership & tactics in the following sections military combat that often utilizes raids, ambushes, and. `` the Korean soldiers found us and forced us to come out, '' she tells NPR in interview... Centers all over South Vietnam for squad and platoon leader, weapons and radio training the movement... Werent the only ones poisoned by Agent Orange, which contains the toxic compound dioxin between!. `` negotiations at Geneva, the Viet Cong often fought side-by-side with the official military of Vietnam! Reasons behind their choice of guerrilla warfare is a Spanish word meaning `` little War. action was. 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And various insects and snakes are the property of their respective owners Nearly 50 of! And psychological scars on both societies a shift in the following sections they knew well, their... Their better-equipped U.S. counterparts a significant impact on American Society, but the important. Origing of the Vietnamese terrain and acclimation to the country until Sept. 2 1945., is shown below tunnels leading upwards to hundreds of hidden firing posts for defense against American helicopters says Korean... A primary source of weaponry and equipment to the local climate represented advantages. The materials ranged from scavenged tin can to discarded wire, but the most important how did guerrilla warfare impact the vietnam war... And possible diabetes tactics in the Vietnam War. '' she tells NPR in an effort reunify! Get practice tests, quizzes, and many more were injured or traumatized over...