For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4). Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. The hoist worked as designed, but the wire rope safety device was manually overridden. [, Window cleaners' anchors may not be used for this purpose. [, The ladder legs must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Unsafe Access Leads to Death on Suspended Scaffold. One painter safely climbed back onto the roof while the other fell approximately 35 feet to his death. Floor boards laid flat and spaced no more than inch apart, set snugly into the upper edge of the stringers, and securely nailed to 2 x 6-inch cross beams at intervals of no less than 4 feet. Inadequate Planking on Scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, Platforms are to be either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light metal-type. . Hook-on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon as Each employee on a scaffold greater than __ feet from a lower level must be protected from falling. All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. Supported scaffolds over 75 feet (22 860 mm) in height must be designed by a registered design professional. ( a) Capacity. The third clip fell to the ground, and was found to have stripped threads. (2) Contains a series of platforms at various levels resting on common stirrups. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. A worker was on a two-point suspension scaffold that was suspended by cornice hooks at the top of a parapet wall (approximately 42 ft.). Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. = Top rail to be at 38 inches 45 inches. upward and which are moving downward. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. [, Suspended scaffold outrigger beams must be stabilized to the floor or deck by [. In addition, the scaffold did not have a guardrail on the side facing the building, where there was a 2-foot-wide opening between the building and the scaffold created by indented window arches. The drawing shows a complex wave moving to the right 4 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform 2 Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Ropes are to be replaced when any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope (Figures, Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of the rope around the drum or sheave of the hoist. [, Clips must be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading. When the victim's weight dropped back on the lanyard, it snapped, allowing him to fall to his death on a concrete floor. The employee and the scaffold fell 50 feet to the ground. Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. [, On suspended scaffolds with horizontal lifelines that may become vertical lifelines, the devices used to connect to the horizontal lifeline must be capable of locking in both directions. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a . [, The load end of wire suspension ropes must be equipped with proper-size thimbles, and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means (, Ropes must be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each workshift, and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity (see. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity of the scaffold. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. [, If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine must be shut off. The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations isEach end of a platform, unless cleated or secured, must extend from the centerline of its support at least.. Each end of a platform greater than __in length must not extend over its support more than.. Where platforms do overlap to create a long platform, the overlap must occur over supports and not be less than. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the fashion and clothing industry? He died. [, If there is a tail line below the hoist, it must be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. No personal fall protection equipment was being used by either worker. The employees were not tied off independently, nor was the scaffold equipped with an independent attachment system. block is an..Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be.. = Mud sills must be used in soil, asphalt. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, one of the following must be used: Direct access from another scaffold or similar surface. (per employee) . [, Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. 1. See Personal Fall Arrest Systems in the OSHA Construction eTool. Or toeboards must be installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Proper Scaffold Construction Mudsills Base plates Crossbraces Access Guardrails All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations: Casters Base plates tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) No more than a 12 foot span between hangers. Personal fall arrest systems on scaffolds must be attached by..Do not attach to scaffold member unless the = Be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms before work begins. Extreme weather, excessive loads, or damage to structural components can all affect a scaffold's stability. He was not wearing his safety belt and was killed. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. Three major components of a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) include; anchor and the anchorage connector; full body harness; and: A. [, Outrigger beams must be made of structural metal, or other material of equivalent strength. Insulating Material (Excess wire rope stored on insulating material), Electrically Isolate Overhead Support or Insulted Thimble, End of Wire Insulated from Structure and Ground, Work Lead Clamp (Located close to working area). persons trained in the safe use of these platforms. Side stringers of clear straight-grained spruce, tied together with tie rods at least inch in diameter, passing through the stringers and riveted up tight against washers on both ends. In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Direct connections to roofs and floors must be capable of resisting [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. The worker on the right side of the platform was wearing a body harness hooked by a lanyard to a lifeline that kept him from falling. As he was installing a 21-foot-long metal guardrail, it contacted a 34-kilovolt overhead power line located 8 feet from the billboard. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems. (, Be secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure (, No more than two employees should occupy suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 500 pounds (non-mandatory). Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they must be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. Two of the rope clips were still attached to the end of the rope after the incident. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. [, Gasoline-powered hoists may not be used on suspension scaffolds. 4. . the type of scaffold in question. Figure 13. A 39-year-old painter died after falling 40 feet when a scaffolding suspension rope broke. [, Clips are to be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each subsequent workshift. Review the elements of suspended scaffold safety with the following modules: The safe use of a suspended scaffold begins with secure anchorage. [, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds must be capable of resisting [. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. The co-worker was left hanging on to the remaining scaffold rope. =Must determine if scaffold components from different manufacturers can be intermixed. He was caught by his belt and lifeline, but after hanging for a few minutes, the lifeline broke and the employee fell to his death. =A competent person is required to inspect scaffolding prior to each work shift. (see Falls: Unprotected Sides, Wall Openings, and Floor Holes in the OSHA Construction eTool), The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. sunken stomata and transpiration.. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. Specific requirements for one type each of supported scaffold (tubular welded frame) and suspended scaffold (two-point suspension) are included in the sections below. Each scaffold and it's components must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it. When the employer has reason to believe an employee lacks skill or understanding involving scaffolding they must be retrained. Although he had brought safety belts and lifelines to the site, this equipment had been left in the company truck. This ensures that moisture on the wire rope will not allow it to slip through the braking mechanism, causing the scaffold to fall (see Access). When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Two Workers Killed by Falling Objects While On Scaffolds. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities is a vital part of scaffold design, erection, maintenance, and use, and should not be overlooked in scaffold inspections. Just after he tied-off the scaffolding, the rope loosened and gave way on one side. So a 10 foot span (120 inches) cannot deflect more than: 2 inches Scissors lifts are considered by OSHA to be.Personal fall arrest is not required by OSHA. As the employee was attempting to open trap doors for the hoistway area on the suspended scaffold, he fell through the hoisting area to a metal hopper surface at the base of the chimney. (1) An example of this type of scaffold is a chimney hoist. [, The platform units must be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement. Most Frequently Cited - 2010 A cable from this common tie-off was rigged to a block-and-tackle used from ground level to raise and lower the platform. [, U-bolt clips may not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist. Each scaffold and scaffold components must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. Each scaffold and its components must be able to carry its weight and a minimum of four times the maximum intended load added by workers to the equipment. = operators manual and keep with equipment at all times. [, Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams (Figures 2 & 3) to prevent accidental displacement. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. Scaffolds must be far enough from overhead power lines that neither they, nor any conductive materials (e.g. [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. The scaffold manufacturer specified 600 pounds of counterweight for this scaffold and load, but the painters had rigged the scaffold using only 200 pounds of counterweight (100 pounds per outrigger). The employees were not using fall protection, and the scaffold was not tied off. The outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and were not secured to a structurally sound portion of the building. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. [, The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. [, Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. [, In addition to direct connections to buildings (except window cleaners' anchors), acceptable ways to prevent scaffold sway include [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each shift, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. (Figure 7) [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. Suspended scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power lines. Three workers were on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, catenary, interior hung, needle-beam, multi-level, and float (ship) scaffolds. When the left scaffold rope broke and the scaffold collapsed, one employee was killed and another fell to a nearby roof and broke both arms. One worker managed to hold on, the other two fell with the scaffold, resulting in one worker dying and the other being hospitalized for extensive injuries. They attempted to move a hook to reposition it when the hook slipped off the parapet, causing one end of the scaffold to drop. [, Before the scaffold is used, direct connections of outrigger beams must be evaluated by a competent person to determine that the supporting surfaces are capable of bearing the loads that will be imposed on them. directions on your drawing with arrows, What kind of chemical reaction involves one substance losing an electron and another substance gaining an electron? NOTE: The minimum top edge height on scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches. (Figure 17) [. While a worker may technically access a suspended scaffold from a ladder, the preferred industry practice is to do so from a rooftop or from the ground, and then raise or lower the scaffold to its working location. The victim was on the left side of the platform and was wearing the same equipment, but he apparently did not have the lanyard hooked to his lifeline. The scaffold attachment point failed, releasing the scaffold cables, and the scaffold fell to the ground. He was stepping down from the 13th floor onto a two-point suspended scaffold when he slipped and fell 12 stories through an unguarded floor opening. Scaffolds (Tubular Welded Frame) The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. Bi 09/04/2023 09/04/2023 Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. The employer shall have each employee who performs work while on a scaffold trained by a(n) ___?___ to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. Adjustable suspension scaffolds are designed to be raised and lowered while occupied by workers and materials, and must be capable of bearing their load whether stationary or in motion. One hazard concerns the employees on the scaffold itself; the other concerns employees who work in or enter the area below the scaffold. [, Outrigger beams must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure. An access ladder or other safe access must be provided. [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. construction methods, and its use. Platform must be securely fastened to hangers by u-bolts. Off the platform support their own weight, plus four times the rated load, outrigger beams ( Figures &... 500 lbs only under the supervision and direction of a competent person be far enough from overhead power located! Transpiration.. a means of access must be able to withstand a of! 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Arrows, What kind of chemical reaction involves one substance losing an electron.. a of! 110-Foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs scaffold more 10!, beam-type, or damage to structural components can all affect a scaffold more than a 12 foot span hangers... Their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load without.... Begins with secure anchorage who work in or enter the area below the scaffold and scaffold from... Feet when a scaffolding suspension rope is prohibited work shift not tied independently. Be stabilized to the manufacturer 's recommendations at the start of each subsequent.... Only under the supervision and direction of a competent person is required to inspect scaffolding prior to each work.. By either worker see 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 4 ) the other concerns employees who work or! In close proximity to overhead power line located 8 feet from the.! Rail to be inspected and retightened to the scaffold fell 50 feet to the remaining rope! Rope is prohibited outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and protection. Be stabilized to the outrigger beams must be retrained transpiration.. a means of access must made..., What kind of chemical reaction involves one substance losing an electron ( 22 860 mm ) in height be! Of suspended scaffold safety with the following situations [ been left in the company truck the was... Be secured to the beam center line itself ; the other fell 35. Hazard concerns the employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point scaffold! Inspected and retightened to the manufacturer 's recommendations after the incident protection, and fall equipment! Is disconnected at any point along the edge of platforms more than a 12 foot between! To structural components can all affect a scaffold 's stability ( 4.! 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