Agasaya (Semetic) - An early Middle Eastern Goddess, whose role was later usurped by Ishtar. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). & Ptolemy. Minerva(Roman) Roman equivalent of the goddess Athena. Early in 40 Antonys brother, the consul Lucius Antonius, supported by Antonys wife, Fulvia, rebelled against Octavian in Italy. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Orontes, Orontes Previously, this had been only granted to tribunes. Although according to the anonymous Octavia bore Marcellus four sons and four daughters. "The dead would go to Hades because there was no annihilation in the Greek mythology. Eirene(Greek) - This Greek goddess of peace. This stereotype is helpful if you want to take control in your life, stand up to bullies and no longer accept the role of the victim. n., consul in 128 BC; according to, Gaius Octavius C. f. C. n., the grandfather of Augustus, possessed considerable property, and lived quietly in his villa at Velitrae. Baby Names of Generation Alpha, Outstanding & Original Baby Names Beginning With O, Expectant Parents, Take Note: These Are the Baby-Naming Trends of 2010-2020. wife [Fulvia] feuded with his fellow triumvir [Octavian] in Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own work. where she died. The warrior goddess represents physical strength, and the ability to protect and fight for your rights and those of others. Olympian deities looked like men and women (though they could change themselves into animals and other things) and were as many myths recounted vulnerable to human foibles and passions.. Other gods and goddesses sometimes included in the roster of Olympians are: Greek mythology does not just tell the stories of gods and goddesses, however. Alecto (Greek) - She is one of the Furies, as goddess of anger she influences human conflicts, inciting the Trojan war. In 47 BC he was able to intercede with Caesar for his cousin and namesake, also a former consul, then living in exile. Mr. Castagno's knowledge of Greek history, mythology and geography, along with his superb writing skills are clearly illustrated in "Octavia and the Greek Key". Baby Names That Give Off a Coastal Grandmother Vibe, Beautiful, Angelic Baby Names That Mean Miracle, A Fascinating New Study Reveals the Best (and Worst!) Sister to Caesar and wife to Mark Antony. (Semetic) - An early Middle Eastern Goddess, whose role was later usurped by Ishtar. mother. Publius Octavius, a noted epicurean during the reign of Tiberius. Bast(Egyptian) - The war goddess of the Lower Niles, she protected the Pharaoh and his warriors during battle. There was, besides, a decree of the people on record, providing that for the future too the entrails should be offered to Mars in the same way, and the rest of the victims be handed over to the Octavii. Such heroines included Medea, Phaedra, Ariadne, and Hypsipyle. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. - Bellona(Egyptian) Goddess of destructive warfare and sibling/partner of the war God Mars. Antony managed to withdraw into southern Gaul. As with other ancient epics, our hero has to remain resolute in the face of significant divine hostility. So the general point here is that the reader of the Dido books is invited to engage with many different mythical and historical narratives. and Antony everything east. There Antony had left a letter for her, instructing her to go no further. Whilst many of these deities are goddesses of war and revenge, it is also possible to be a peaceful warrior, leading by example and using intellect to slay prejudice and outdated ideas. Marcellus, a friend of Cicero, was an initial opponent of Julius Caesar when Caesar invaded Italy, but did not take up arms against his wife's great uncle at the Battle of Pharsalus, and was eventually pardoned by him. This could reflect a narcissistic personality that goes on the attack when their ego or beliefs feel threatened. Little wonder that it is so succinct and complex. All Rights Reserved. . The warrior goddesses stand up for their beliefs; they are the ultimate personification of the strong woman or warrior archetype. 15 Mar. This meant they could freely manage their own finances. The major source that Octavia never recovered is Seneca (De Consolatione ad Marciam, II.) Drusus delivered one funeral oration from the rostra and Augustus gave her the highest posthumous honors (building the Gate of Octavia and Porticus Octaviae in her memory). For some years, she helped maintain peace between her brother and her husband. The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, quaestor circa 230 BC. Although Octavia brought troops and money to him (35), he refused to see her, and in 32 he obtained a divorce. He failed to do this and was probably removed from his post in 47; he was without employment until 44, when he became consul as colleague and later priest (flamen) of Caesar. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 1 (J. C. Rolfe, Translator). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. (Irish) This war goddess represents the blood thirsty frenzy and chaos of war. They reflect the many different faces of war from the pointless death and destruction of war to the glories of victory. She wears jewellery made from skulls and blood adorns her breasts. Lepidus, who had earlier been confined to Africa, was allowed to keep it. Updates? wintering with Cleopatra in Alexandria (41-40 She became sole caretaker of their children,[16] except for Antyllus who was already with his father in the East. On the death of Marcellus in 40 she was married to Mark Antony, who at the time was ruling the Roman state with Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. alliance with Octavian by marrying the latter's recently widowed They spent the afterlife with her in the land of Folkvangr. Octavia, having been in Rome since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in 35. Se'rvius, Ocelli'na [1][6], The chief praenomina used by the Octavii were Gnaeus, Gaius, Marcus, and Lucius. The figure of the deserted heroine was a favourite theme in Greek myth and literature, and Virgil duly draws on it for his depiction of Dido. Menhit(Egyptian) - Considered by many historians to be an aspect of Sekhmet. Before 54 bc Octavia was married to Gaius Marcellus, by whom she had two daughters and a son. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. In this illustration, Mars is depicted on horseback. Cleopatra was the name of Alexander the Great's sister, as well as Cleopatra Alcyone, wife of Meleager in Greek mythology. The great-grandfather of Augustus served as a military tribune during the Second Punic War, and survived the Battle of Cannae; however, when Marcus Antonius wished to throw contempt upon Augustus, he called this Gaius Octavius a freedman and a restio, or rope-maker. [11] For example, in the spring of 37 BC, while pregnant with her daughter Antonia Minor, she was considered essential to an arms deal held at Tarentum, in which Antony and Augustus agreed to aid each other in their Parthian and Sicilian campaigns. He then joined the staff ofJulius Caesar. Did you know? Aeneas leads the survivors from the sack of Troy through the Mediterranean, and ultimately to the site of (future) Rome. [6] All three were born in Italy. The historian Suetonius writes, There are many indications that the Octavian family was in days of old a distinguished one at Velitrae; for not only was a street in the most frequented part of town long ago called Octavian, but an altar was shown there besides, consecrated by an Octavius. [15] In 33, Antony sent men to eject her from his house in Rome. For a time he pursued a moderate policy, but when challenged by the 19-year-old Octavian (later the emperor Augustus), Caesars adopted son and heir, he turned against Caesars assassins. [3], Some time before 54 BC, her stepfather arranged for her to marry Gaius Claudius Marcellus. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. He was the lover ofCleopatra, queen of Egypt, and was defeated by Octavian (the future emperorAugustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed theRoman Republic. The Aeneids thematic connections to earlier myth and literature come to the fore in the depiction of Dido, the queen of Carthage. Gaius Octavius, also known as Octavian, was Julius Caesar's great-nephew and adopted child. The sudden end of the Aeneid, with such a violent turn, has proved very challenging and unsatisfying for many readers. Oppia'nicus, Oppia'nicus The poet Homers 8th-century BC epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, for example, tell the story of the Trojan War as a divine conflict as well as a human one. She had won over her brother's advisers Agrippa and Maecenas and convinced him to renew their aliance. There is every reason to think that Virgils Aeneid became a classic as soon as it was written and published. [1] Augustus, in his memoirs, mentioned that his father was a novus homo with no senatorial background. remarried. God of War. Gnaeus Octavius Cn. Mark Antony was a Roman general underJulius Caesarand later triumvir who ruled Romes eastern provinces (4330BCE). On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. Lucius Octavius, detected in adultery by Gaius Memmius, and punished by him. [20] Her funeral was a public one, with her sons-in-law (Drusus, Ahenobarbus, Iullus Antony, and possibly Paullus Aemillius Lepidus) carrying her to the grave in the Mausoleum of Augustus. After Caesars murder, Antony gained possession of the treasury and of Caesars papers, which he used (and perhaps supplemented) to his own advantage. A highly fictionalized version of Octavia's early life is depicted in the 2005 television series Rome, in which Octavia of the Julii (Kerry Condon) seduces and sleeps with her younger brother, Gaius Octavian, has a lesbian affair with Servilia of the Junii (the series' version of Servilia) and a romantic relationship with Marcus Agrippa (based on the historical Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa), none of which has any historical basis. He was condemned and exiled to an island, but returned to Rome following the death of, Octavius Horatianus, a name sometimes assigned to the author of the, George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 19:01. The Theogony, composed by Hesiod around 700 BCE, is an early Greek epic. The gens Octavia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which was raised to patrician status by Caesar during the first century BC. 6.884]. maternal grandmother of Claudius. Antony had to return to Italy, leaving his general Ventidius to deal with a Parthian invasion of Asia Minor and Syria. The Aeneid, therefore, is focused on the grand scale on the city of Rome and its empire, its formation, and its destiny within the order of the Olympian gods. In 36 Octavians general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeated Sextus Pompeius. But as with the tale of Echo and Narcissus (see below), this is a doomed love story made more famous through Roman writers (Ovid, Virgil) than Greek originals. The first six of the poem's twelve books tell . Suetonius, Life She was also the great-grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, maternal grandmother of the Emperor Claudius, and paternal great-grandmother and maternal great-great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. The only work of its kind to survive from classical antiquity, the Library of Apollodorus is a unique guide to Greek mythology, from the origins of the universe to the Trojan War.. Apollodorus' Library has been used as a source book by classicists from the time of its compilation in the 1st-2nd century BC to the present, influencing writers from antiquity to Robert Graves. O, glory and light to other poets, may that long study, and the great love, that made me scan your work, be worth something now. - The sudden and brutal end of the poem precipitated various sequels, most famously a Supplement to Aeneid Book 12 by the humanist cleric Maffeo Vegio (ca. William Smith. Homer (ca. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Athena - Goddess of war, wisdom and domestic crafts. Her battle cry alone had the power to kill. Around 700 BC, the poet Hesiods Theogony offered the first written cosmogony, or origin story, of Greek mythology. Cloelia was one of the Roman girls who was taken hostage by Lars Porsena, the Etruscan king, after the end of the war between Clusium and Rome in 508 BC. Gaius Octavius Balbus, was proscribed by the triumvirs in 42 BC. . The poem is named after the Trojan hero Aeneas, the son of Venus (Aphrodite in Greek mythology) and Anchises, a Trojan aristocrat. The Georgics, an earlier poetic work by Virgil on the subject of agriculture (2,188 lines), seems to have been written at a rate of about one line a day. While Antony was The Aeneid (/ n i d / ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aenis [aenes] or [aenes]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter. Dido is the great tragic figure in the first half of the poem (notably in Books 1, 4, and 6) after a romance and sexual liaison with Aeneas. Click anywhere in the The underworld in Greek mythology was not a lively place, for it was where all the dead souls went. Her mother later remarried, to the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus. Mark Antony was at war with Octavian for control of the Roman world, which he lost at the Battle of Actium (September 2, 31BC). . If you are drawn to work with this goddess Archetype you may require the Warrior spirit to help you to stand up for your rights and set firm boundaries. See more. Cicero, however, fiercely attacked him in the Philippic orations between September 44 and April 43, and Octavian joined forces with the consuls in 43. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. [3][4][5], This story is not improbable in itself, but since neither Livy nor Dionysius mention the Octavii when they speak of Velitrae, and the Octavii do not appear in history till the latter half of the third century BC, the tradition connecting them with the Roman kings may be safely rejected. Guide to the Classics: Homer's Odyssey. All Rights Reserved. Nike(Greek) Personification of victory in both battle and peaceful competitions. For instance, he deserts Dido (in Book 4) because Jupiter reminds him through the god Mercury that Italy is meant to be his fated home, not Carthage in North Africa. Artemis (Greek) - This virgin goddess stood up for her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values. At this point he turned again to Cleopatra, who had borne him two children and given him full political and financial support. Thus, Octavia's husband continued to oppose Julius Caesar, including in the crucial year of his consulship, 50 BC. [10] There she raised her children by Marcellus as well as Antony's two sons; Antyllus and Iullus, as well as the two daughters of her marriage to Antony, Antonia Major and Antonia Minor who were born there. The opposing armies broke up after the deaths of both consuls, and Antony was joined by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus with their armies. While many of these myths are fanciful tales, such as the legends of greedy King Midas or heroic Hercules, other stories like the Trojan War epic have a basis in historical fact. Virgil Reading the Aeneid, circa 1790-93. Some of the best books related to Greek mythology include "The Song of Achilles," "Lore," and "Circe." Amazon; Bookshop; Alyssa Powell/Insider. They travelled the battlefields, taking those who died valiantly in battle, to a glorious afterlife in Valhalla. Morrigan(Irish) A terrifying crow goddess associated with war and death. Octavia and Mark Antony had two surviving daughters by their marriage (her second, his fourth), and both were the ancestors of later Roman emperors. She successfully exonerated herself, and Antony spent the winter of 4140 as her lover at Alexandria, Egypt. Virgil holds a volume of The Aeneid in a mosaic from the 3rd century AD, on display in the Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood. Livia and Octavia were made immune from tutela, the male guardianship which all women in Rome except for the Vestal Virgins were required to have. Mark Antony served with distinction as a cavalry commander inJudaeaandEgypt. She was one of the Olympian Goddesses And it has remained so until this day. Octavia C. f., daughter of Gaius Octavius Laenas, curator of the aqueducts, was the wife of Quintus Veranius, consul in AD 49. As the cat goddess she is also very protective of the young. . Athena(Greek) - A great battle strategist, however she disliked pointless wars and preferred to use her wisdom to settle disputes. of Augustus 61. In Italian the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. There is a story that Virgil needed to defend himself from this charge by saying that it is easier to steal Hercules club than steal one line from Homer. Would he have changed the end of the poem? Their names are unknown, but it is known that all of them were killed by Nero, thus descent from this line is extinct. , instructing her to marry Gaius Claudius Marcellus & # x27 ; s twelve books tell 's recently widowed spent. Her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values Greek goddess of war to the anonymous bore. Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students violent turn, has proved very challenging and unsatisfying for readers.: born eighth has remained so until this day or origin story, of and. Stepfather arranged for her, instructing her to go no further in Italian the meaning of octavia greek mythology young goes... Position in the the underworld in Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods heroes! 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